How to use 'bazir' and its other derivatives

Many users get confused when using 'bazir'. The following are the common mistakes related to this word.
1 Jangan bazir semasa menggunakan air.
2 Dia membazir wang yang banyak untuk membeli kad prayar telefon bimbit.

You cannot use 'bazir' (to waste) by itself. By adding the prefix meN you can form the intransitive verb 'membazir' which has no object. Hence sentence 2 above is wrong. The correct sentence to be constructed is 'Dia suka membazir semasa menggunakan air.' [He likes to waste water.]

The word 'bazir' can be turned into a transitive verb (a verb that takes an object) by adding the affix 'meN_kan'. The verb formed is 'membazirkan' (to waste + object). A typical sentence you can make with this verb is 'Adik sering membazirkan air semasa mandi.' (My younger brother often wastes water when he bathes.)

The correction for sentence 1 is 'Jangan membazir semasa menggunakan air.' (Don't waste when you use water.)

I hope this short article will benefit those who takes an interest in studying the Malay language.

How to use 'berjaja' and 'menjajakan' correctly

In Malaysia, we have the chance to see 'hawkers' or vendors who sell things from place to place everywhere we go. Sometimes, they call out the names of the items or food sold. In the Malay language, they are known as 'penjaja'.

In reference books written by writers who do not pay attention to standard usage or for that matter the grammatical aspect of the language, the following sentence often appears in their books:
Mak Minah menjaja kuih-muih di tepi jalan. [wrong]

The above sentence should have been: 'Mak Minah menjajakan kuih-muih di tepi jalan.' [Mak Minah is selling various 'kuih' (something like cakes in English) by the road through hawking.']

The word 'menjaja' is not in the dictionary and hence non-existent. However, you can use 'berjaja' the intransitive verb for 'to hawk'. A sentence such as the one below can be constructed to show its correct usage:

Ahmad berjaja untuk menyara keluarganya. [Ahmad sells things by hawking to support his family.]

I hope by now readers and students of the Malay language are clear about the usage of 'berjaja' and 'menjajakan'. Remember not to use 'menjaja' anymore as it is non-existent.

About the Malay word 'bazir'

The word 'bazir' is one of the Malay words that need to have the prefix 'meN' to be correct. Hence you cannot say 'Jangan bazir semasa menggunakan air.' The correct sentence should be 'Jangan membazir semasa menggunakan air.' (Don't waste water when you use water.'

You can add the suffix 'kan' to 'bazir' to form 'bazirkan' which is used in a command. For example, you can write 'Jangan bazirkan air.' (Don't waste water.)

The word 'bazir' can also be changed to the form 'membazirkan' by appending the suffix 'meN_kan'. You use 'membazirkan' which is a transitive verb in a statement. For instance, you can produce a sentence such as the one below.

Adik suka membazirkan air semasa mandi. (My brother likes to waste water when he bathes.)

To sum, 'bazir' cannot be used without the prefix 'meN'. In a command you can use 'bazirkan' dan in a statement 'membazirkan' is used.

How to construct compound sentences in Malay

The first lesson with my Form 4 Malay Language class invariably begins with the scope of the SPM exam. In the section 'Pengetahuan dan Kemahiran Bahasa' (Knowledge and Skills in Language), students have to construct sentences. In order to make their sentences, I will introduce my cultured drink, the 'yakus' (Mind you, it's not Yakult). It stands for 'yang' (that/which), 'apabila' (when), 'kerana (because)', 'untuk' (to + verb) (to be followed by a verb) and 'supaya' (so that). As long as they include any one of these words in their sentence, it will become a compound sentence.

Let me show readers how this is so through the following sentences.
1 berisi
Dua buah bakul yang berisi buah durian ini dikandar oleh Pak Busu dari dusunnya.
[These two baskets which were filled with durians were carried by Pak Busu on a pole hung on his shoulder from his orchard.]

2 mengisi
Apabila saya mengisi sebarang borang, saya pasti berbuat demikian dengan berhati-hati.
[When I fill in any form, saya will certainly do so carefully.]

3 mengisikan
Saya mengisikan asid ke dalam botol itu dengan berhati-hati kerana tidak mahu menumpahkannya.
[Saya filled the botol with acid carefully because I did not want to spill it.]

4 memenuhi
Penonton sudah memenuhi stadium itu untuk menyaksikan perlawanan bola sepak antara pasukan Malaysia dengan pasukan Singapura.
[The spectators filled the stadium to watch the football match between the Malaysian team and the Singaporean team.]

5 mengekalkan
Aminah sentiasa mengekalkan kebersihan pekarangan rumahnya supaya dapat menjauhkan lalat dan lipas.
[Aminah always keeps her courtyard clean so that she can keep houseflies and cockroaches at bay.]

I hope this tip is useful to SPM students.

Happy constructing compound sentences the 'yakus' way.

About 'akan' in Malay

The 'akan' in the Malay language can be classified under the group 'kata sendi nama' or prepositions or 'kata bantu' or auxiliary word.

Let me explain how to differentiate between the two.

When 'akan' is used in front of a verb, it belongs to the 'kata bantu' group whereas it becomes a 'kata sendi nama' when it is used after adjectives denoting feeling such as 'suka' (like), 'bimbang' (worry), 'cinta' (love), etc. Perhaps the following examples will clarify what I have said earlie.

1 Dia akan berkunjung ke tempat itu. [He will visit the place.]
'akan' here is a 'kata bantu'.

2 Aminah sangat sayang akan anak tunggalnya. [Aminah loves her only son dearly.]

I hope I have made mayself clear in explaining the different parts of speech for 'akan' in different context.

How to use 'antara' correctly

In the Malay language, the word 'antara' (between / among) can be classifed under kata sendi nama or preposition and kata arah or direction word.

As a preposition, 'antara' is used for situation not related to position. Perhaps, the following examples will suffice to illustrate this point.
1 Antara mereka berdua, saya lebih suka berkawan dengan Azmi. [Between the two of them, I prefer to befriend Azmi.] In this sentence, the word 'mereka' (they) does not show position.

2 Pertandingan nyanyian antara kelas akan diadakan pada hari ini. [Inter-class singing competition will be held today.] In this sentence, kelas (class) does not indicate any sense of direction.

3 Kerjasama antara negara jiran amat penting demi kebaikan bersama. [Co-operation among neighbouring countries is vital for their common good.] In this sentence, too, the phrase 'negara jiran' (neighbouring countries) does not show position.

When 'antara' is used after the preposition 'di' (at), it functions as a kata arah or direction word. The combination of 'di antara' will show position when used in sentences. Let us look at some examples when position is indicated with 'di antara' being used.
1 Adik duduk di antara ibu dengan bapa. [My younger brother / sister is sitting between my mum and my dad.] In this sentence, 'adik' is positioned between 'ibu' (mother) and 'ayah' (father).

2 Kuala Lumpur terletak di antara Perlis dengan Johor. [Kuala Lumpur is situated between Perlis and Johor.] In this sentence, Kuala Lumpur is shown to be occupying a place between Perlis and Johor.

A few points need to be pointed in using 'antara'.
a) When two people or two things are involved using 'antara' is used, the conjunction 'dengan' (and) is to be used and not 'dan' (And) e.g. Antara buah durian dan buah manggis, saya lebih suka makan buah durian. [Wrong]
Antara buah durian dengan buah manggis, saya lebih suka makan buah durian. [Wrong]
[ Between durians and mangosteens, I prefer to eat durians.]

b) The nouns after 'antara' need not be duplicated as antara carries the meaning of being plural in nature. e.g. Antara buah-buah yang dijual di gerai itu, hanya buah nanas ialah buah tempatan. [Incorrect]
Antara buah yang dijual di gerai itu, hanya buah nanas ialah buah tempatan. [Among the fruits sold at the stall, only the pineapple is a local fruit.] [Correct]

c) If three people or things are involved, the conjunction used together with 'antara' is 'dan' (and) and not 'dengan'.
e.g. Antara Ali, Busu dengan Chandran, Busu ialah lelaki yang paling tinggi. [Wrong]
Antara Ali, Busu dan Chandran, Busu ialah lelaki yang paling tinggi. [Correct]

I really hope my post today will help readers to use 'antara' correctly and confidently.

About 'antara'

For today's post, I will talk about the usage of the Malay word 'antara' as I find that it is not being used correctly by some users of the language.

The word 'antara' which means 'between' or 'among' belongs to 'kata sendi nama' (preposition) and 'kata arah' (direction word). Used alone, it belongs to 'kata sendi nama'. For example, if you write 'Antara Ali dengan Abu, saya lebih suka berkawan dengan Abu. (Between Ali and Abu, I prefer to befriend Abu), it is used as a 'kata sendi nama' or preposition.

If you use it after another preposition 'di', then it belongs to 'kata arah'. For instance, you can write a sentence such as the one below:
Adik duduk di antara abang dengan kakak. (My younger brother is sitting between my elder brother and my elder sister).

In the above sentence, 'antara' is used as a 'kata arah' or direction word (for lack of a better term, I use 'direction word' to render the translation).

Now I shall elaborate on the correct usage of 'antara'.
1 When used alone, 'antara' is used for 'non-position' situations.
e.g. Kerjasama antara negara amat penting. (Co-operation among nations is very vital.)

2 If it is used after 'di' to become 'di antara', then it is used for situation denoting position.
e.g. Kedai runcit itu terletak di antara kedai tukang jahit dengan kedai gunting rambut. (The grocery shop is situated between the tailor shop and the barber shop.)

3 The noun that follows 'antara' must not be duplicated.
e.g. Antara buku-buku ini, buku merah ini paling mahal. [wrong]
Antara buku ini, buku merah ini paling mahal. [correct]
(Among these books, this red book is the most expensive.)
Notice that 'buku-buku' used after 'antara' should be used singly to become 'buku'.

4 If there are only two objects used between 'antara', then 'dengan' is used.
e.g. Antara buah durian dan buah manggis, saya lebih suka makan buah manggis.[wrong]
Antara buah durian dengan buah manggis, saya lebih suka makan buah manggis. [correct] (Between durians and mongosteens, I prefer eating mongosteens.]

5 However, if there are three objects or things used together with 'antara', then 'dan' is used.
e.g. Antara Ali, Abu dengan Chandran, Abu paling gemuk. [wrong]
Antara Ali, Abu dan Chandran, Abu paling gemuk. [correct]
[Among Ali, Abu and Chandran, Abu is the fattest.]

I hope the above tips on the usage of 'antara' will be of help to students and Malay language users.

The difference between 'kecurian' and 'pencurian'

Many students and the media often use 'kecurian' in place of 'pencurian'. To them only 'kecurian' exists and not 'pencurian'. Let me enlighten readers how to use these two words correctly.

According to Kamus Dewan 4th Edition, 'kecurian' means 'kehilangan harta benda kerana kena curian, kemalingan' which means 'burglared'. The model sentence given in the dictionary is 'Kecurianlah baginda tujuh biji peti yang berisi emas.' This is a reverse sentence. The normal one should be 'Baginda kecurian tujuh biji peti yang berisi emas.' It just shows that 'kecurian' is a kata kerja pasif (passive verb).

We can make a sentence such as the one below.
Rumah Hassan kecurian semalam dan banyak barang yang dilarikan oleh pencuri itu.
[Hassan's house was burglared last night and many things were stolen by the thief'.

As for 'pencurian' it means 'perbuatan mencuri' or the act of stealing or theft. You can make a sentence such as the one below:
Pencurian sering berlaku di taman perumahan itu.
[Theft (The act of stealing) often occurs at the housing estate.]

In conclusion, 'kecurian' is a passive verb and 'pencurian' is a noun. Hence it is wrong to write a sentence such as the one below:
Kecurian sering berlaku di taman perumahan itu. [wrong]

So much for 'kecurian' and 'pencurian'.

The difference between 'pedalaman' and 'pendalaman'

In today's post, I am going to talk about the difference between 'pedalaman' and 'pendalaman'.

According to Kamus Dewan 4th Edition, 'pedalaman' is said to be 'daerah yang jauh dari pantai (yang terletak di ceruk pelosok atau di hulu negeri' which simply means 'inland area' or 'remote area' You can make a sentence such as the one below using this word.
Kemudahan asas di kawasan pedalaman serba kurang.
[There is litter basic amenities in the remote area.]

As for 'pendalaman' it is 'perihal mendalamkan, tindakan (proses) mendalamkan' or 'the act of deeping' in English. An illustration of its usage is seen in the following sentence:

Pendalaman dasar sungai itu dilakukan untuk mencegah berlakunya banjir di sana.
[The deepening of the river bed is to prevent the occurrence of floods there.]

So much for the difference between 'pedalaman' and 'pendalaman'.

How to use 'kita' and 'kami' correctly

In response to a reader's request, I shall deal with the difference between 'kita' and 'kami' in this post.

The pronoun 'kita' refers to the speaker, the person who listens to him and other people. You can remember it by the last letter 'a' for 'all'. For example, the world belongs to me, you and other people. Hence we can write a sentence such as the one below:

Dunia kita sedang mengalami pemanasan global.
[Our world is experiencing global warming.]

Look at another example as shown below.
Kita harus menghormati ibu bapa kita.
[We (all of us) should respect our parents.]

As for 'kami', you can remember its usage by this pneumonic: Kami -->The King and I
This pronoun refers to the speaker and other people other than the one who listens to him.

For example, if you are telling a friend of your experience climbing a mountain with your friends, then you would write something like this:
Kami mendaki Gunung Jerai pada minggu lalu.
[We (my friends and I) climbed Mount Jerai last week.]

Here is another example:

Semasa awak tiada di sini, kami sudah menyiapkan kerja ini.
[When you were not here, we (my friend s and I) had completed this job.]

I hope the above explanation and examples are useful in helping readers to use 'kita' and 'kami' correctly.

About 'banyak' in Malay

According Tatabahasa Dewan Third Edition, the word 'banyak' (many) can be classied under two categories, namely 'kata bilangan' (counting words) and 'adjektif' (adjectives).

To tell readers the trick of recognising each of them, I need to illustrate it by using the following two sentences.

Sentence 1
Banyak buku dibelinya di kedai itu. [Many books has he bought at the shop.]

In the above sentence, the word 'banyak' is under the 'kata bilangan' category.

Sentence 2
Banyak tempat yang dikunjunginya selama ini. [The places he has visited so far are many.]

The above sentence is actually a 'ayat songsang' or 'reverse sentence' formed by placing the predikat in front of the subject. The original sentence is: Tempat yang dikunjunginya selama ini banyak where 'Tempat yang dikunjunginya selama ini' is the subject and 'banyak' is the predicate as this belongs to one of the four basic sentence patterns in Malay, namely Frasa Nama - Frasa Nama (Noun phrase - noun phrase), Frasa Nama - Frasa Adjektif (Noun phrase-adjectival pharase), Frasa Nama - Frasa Sendi Nama (Noun phrase - prepositional phrase) and Frasa Nama - Frase Kerja (Noun phrase - Verbal phrase)

The original sentence just quoted belongs to the sentence pattern Noun phrase - adjectival phrase. Let us convert this sentence into the 'ayat songsang' or the 'reverse sentence'.

Tempat yang dikunjunginya selama ini [subject] banyak [predicate] -->
Banyak [Predicate] tempat yang dikunjunginya selama ini [Subject]

The trick here is if you see 'yang' after 'banyak', the banyak belongs to the 'adjective' category whereas the 'banyak' that appears in the subject alone is categorised as 'kata bilangan'.

Affixes meN_i and meN_kan Part 12

For today's word to include in the series meN_i and meN_kan, I shall deal with 'cerita' [story]. Here are the six sentences governed by the rules I mentioned in Part I of this series.

1 Dia menceritai kami pengalamannya semasa berkhemah di dalam hutan itu. [Rule 1]
[He related to us his experience while camping in the jungle.]

2 Johan menceritakan pengalamannya kepada kami. [Rule 2]
[Johan related his experience to us.]

3 Kami diceritai nenek pengalamannya semasa pendudukan Jepun di negara ini. [Rule 3]
[My grandmother related to us her experience during the Japanese occupation in this country.]

4 Kejadian itu diceritakan oleh Ali kepada kami. [Rule 4]
[The incident was related by Ali to us.]

5 Ibu akan saya ceritai pengalamanku tadi. [Rule 5]
[Mother will I relate my experience just now.]

6 Kejadian itu sudah saya ceritakan kepada mereka. [Rule 6]
[I have related to them this incident.]

Affixes meN_i and meN_kan Part 11

For the 11th post of the series meN_i and meN_kan I will deal with the word 'tugas' (duty) and its affixes. These are the sentences I constructed to show how the six rules for the word are applied.

1 Encik Lee menugasi pekerja itu kerja yang ringan sahaja. [Rule 1]
[Mr Lee gave the duty of doing an easy job to the worker.]

2 Majikan itu menugaskan kerja yang berat itu kepada Hussin. [Rule 2]
[The employer gave the duty of doing a difficult job to Hussin.]

3 Krishnan ditugasi untuk menyiapkan laporan itu. [Rule 3]
[Krsihnan was given the duty of completing the report.]

4 Kerja itu ditugaskan kepada pekerja baru itu. [Rule 4]
[The job was given as a duty to the new worker.]

5 Adik akan saya tugasi untuk membersihkan halaman rumah kami. [Rule 5]
[My brother will I give the duty of cleaning up our courtyard.]

6 Kerja itu akan saya tugaskan kepada Ali. [Rule 6]
[That job will I give to Ali as a duty to perform.]

Affixes meN_i and meN_kan Part 10

For Part of the series meN_i and meN_kan, I shall make sentences with 'hubung' (connect) with its affiexes thrown in. Here they are:

1 Saya menghubungi Ali melalui e-mel. [Rule 1]
[Saya communicate with Ali through email.]

2 Jalan ini menghubungkan Kampung Baru dengan bandar. [Rule 2]
[This road links Kampung Baru to the town.]

3 Hassan dihubungi oleh kawan melalui telefon. [Rule 3]
[Hassan was contacted by his friend through phone.]

4 Tali ini akan saya hubungkan dengan tali itu supaya menjadi lebih panjang. [Rule 4]
[This rope will I connect with that to make it longer.]

5 Adik sudah saya hubungi untuk memberitahunya tentang hal itu. [Rule 5]
[My brother have I have contacted to tell him about the matter.]

6 Tali ini akan saya hubungkan dengan tali itu untuk memanjangkannya. [Rule 6]
[This rope will I connect with that to lengthen it.]

Affixes meN_i and meN_kan Part 9

Today's word for sentence construction in the series meN_i and meN_kan is 'maaf' (excuse or pardon).

Here are the six sentences constructed using the above word with suffixes thrown in.

1 Saya memaafi adik yang mengotorkan buku saya. [Rule 1]
[I pardoned my brother who dirtied my book.]

2 Encik Tan memaafkan kesalahan pelajar itu. [Rule 2]
[Mr Tan excused the pupil's mistake.]

3 Hassan yang menyinggung hati kawannya dimaafinya.
[Hassan who had offended his friend was excused by him.]

4 Kesalahan pelajar itu telah dimaafkan oleh gurunya.
[The student's mistake was excused by his teacher.]

5 Krishnan akan saya maafi walaupun dia menyinggung hati saya tadi. [Rule 5]
[Krishnan will I excuse although he offended me just now.

6 Kesalahan adik akan saya maafkan kerana dia sudah meminta maaf kepada saya. [Rule 6]
[My brother's mistake will I excuse because he has apologised to me.]

Affixes meN_i and meN_kan Part 8

For today's post,I will only deal with one word of the meN_i and meN_kan group of words for sentence construction. The word intended is 'hidang'.

The word 'hidang' (to serve with food) and its suffixes
1 Kakak menghidangi para tetamu minuman. [Rule 1]
[My sister served drinks to the guests.]

2 Ibu menghidangkan kek kepada kawan-kawanku. [Rule 2]
[My mother served cakes to my friends.]

3 Para tetamu dihidangi air sirap oleh kakak. [Rule 3]
[The guests were served with syrup by my sister.]

4 Kek dihidangkan oleh kakak kepada kawan-kawannya. [Rule 4]
[My sister served cakes to her friends.]

5 Ali akan saya hidangi minuman kegemarannya. [Rule 5]
[Ali will I serve his favourite drink.]

6 Jus oren akan saya hidangkan kepada Ali yang datang ke rumahku.[Rule 6]
[Orange juice will I serve to Ali who comes to my house.]

Affixes meN_i and meN_kan Part 7

I am sorry to be unable to write something in this post for a week. Here I am again, to continue my post on the affix meN_i and meN_i involving 18 words. Here are two more words whose sentences I will construct now.

The word 'hujan' (rain) with its affixes.
1 Pemberitahu itu menghujani menteri itu pertanyaan tentang projek itu. [Rule 1]
[The reporter bombarded the minister with questions about the project.]

2 Wartawan itu menghujankan pelbagai soalan tentang isu itu kepada pemimpin itu. [Rule 2]
[The journalist put forward various questions about the issue to the leader.]

3 Ketua itu dihujani pelbagai soalan tentang rancangan itu. [Rule 3]
[The leader was bombarded with various questions about the programme.]

4 Pelbagai pertanyaan dihujankan oleh penduduk kampung kepada penghulu itu. [Rule 4
[Various questions were put forward by the villagers to the village headman.]

5 Ketua itu akan saya hujani pelbagai pertanyaan tentang hal ini. [Rule 5]
[I will asked the leader various questions about this matter.]

6 Pelbagai pertanyaan akan saya hujankan kepada pemimpin itu.
[Various questions will I put forward to the leader.]

In the above sentences, 'menghujani' means 'shower someone with questions' and 'menghujankan' carries the meaning of 'bombarding questions towards someone'.

When it is silly to do direct translation from Malay to English, I used the active voice in the task.

The word 'bekal' (supply) and its affixes
1 Pekedai itu membekali kami barang keperluan harian. [Rule 1]
[The shop owner supplies us with things of daily need.]

2 Lembaga peperiksaan membekalkan kertas tulis kepada calon peperiksaan. [Rule 2]
[The examination board supplies writing paper to candidates]

3 Keluarga Ali dibekali barang keperluan harian oleh pekedai itu. [Rule 3]
[Ali's family was supplied with things of daily need by the shop owner.]

4 Barang keperluan harian dibekalkan kepada kami oleh pekedai itu. [Rule 4]
[Things of daily need were supplied to us by the shop owner.]

5 Adik akan saya bekali kertas untuk membolehkannya menulis karangan tambahan.[Rule 5]
[I will supply my brother with paper to enable him to write additional essays.]

6 Kertas akan saya bekalkan kepada adik supaya dia dapat menulis karangan itu. [Rule 6]
[Paper will be supplied (by me) to my brother so that he can write the essay.]

Affixes meN_i and meN_kan Part 6

Two more words will I use in this day’s post to construct six sentences based on the six rules I gave in my earlier post.

The first word is ‘nama’ [name]

1 Saya menamai anak saya Ali bin Hassan. [Rule 1]

[I named my son Ali bin Hassan.]

2 Mazlan menamakan Zaki bin Mazlan kepada anaknya. [Rule 2]

[I gave the name of Zaki bin Mazlan to my son.]

3 Kucing kesayangku dinamai Si Comel. [Rule 3]

[My favourite cat was named Si Comel.]

4 Si Comel dinamakan kepada kucingku. [Rule 4]

[The name of Si Comel was given to my cat.]

5 Anak sulungku akan saya namai Yong binti Hassan. [Rule 5]

[I will name my eldest daughter Yong binti Hassan.]

6 Zamri bin Rejab akan saya namakan kepada anak bongsu saya.[Rule 6]

[I will give the name of Zamri bin Rejab to my youngest son.]

The second word is ‘pinjam’ [borrow]

1 Saya meminjami Ali sebatang pen. [Rule 1]

[I lent Ali a pen.]

2 Johan meminjamkan buku ceritanya kepada anak jirannya.[Rule 2]

[Johan lent his story book to his neighbor’s son.]

3 Azmi dipinjami Hashim sebuah basikal. [Rule 3]

[Hashim lent Azmi a basikal.]

4 Sebatang pen dipinjamkan oleh Suresh kepada Nathan.[Rule 4]

[A pen was lent to Nathan by Suresh.]

5 Rashid akan saya pinjami buku ini.[Rule 5]

[I will lend Rashid this book.]

6 Sebuah pembaris akan saya pinjamkan kepada Susan.[Rule 6]

[I will lend a ruler to Susan.]

Affixes meN_i and meN_kan Part 5

As promised, I will continue to construct sentences using two more of the 18 words given earlier. For today's post, I will use 'lempar' and 'serah'. 'lempar' means 'throw' while 'serah' means 'submit'.

The word 'lempar' with its affixes:
1 Penduduk kampung melempari pemimpin itu dengan telur busuk kerana ucapan menyinggung hati mereka. [Rule 1]
[The villagers threw rotten egss at the leader because his speech offended them.]

2 Saya melemparkan seketul batu ke arah buah mangga itu untuk menjatuhkannya. [Rule 2]
[I threw a stone at the mango to make it fall down.]

3 Pengemis itu dilempari batu oleh budak yang nakal itu. [Rule 3]
[A naughty boy threw a stone at the beggar.]

4 Seketul batu dilemparkan oleh Ali ke arah kolam. [Rule 4]
[A stone was thrown by Ali to the pool.]

5 Anjing itu akan saya lempari batu untuk menghalaunya. [Rule 5]
[I will throw a stone at the dog to drive it away.]

6 Seketul batu akan saya lemparkan ke arah anjing itu. [Rule 6]
[I will throw a stone at the dog.]

The word 'serah' and its affixes
1 Saya menyerahi pekerja itu tugas ringan itu.
[Saya gave the worker the light duty.]

2 Krishnan menyerahkan dompet itu kepada polis.
[Krishnan surrendered the wallet to the polis.]

3 Nazri diserahi tugas itu.
[Nazri was given the duty.]

4 Bungkusan itu diserahkan kepada kerani pos itu.
[The parcel was surrendered to the postal clerk.]

5 Adik akan saya serahi kunci keretaku.
[I will surrender my the keys of my car to my brother.]

6 Tugas itu sudah saya serahkan kepada abangku.
[I have surrendere the duty to my elder brother.]

Affixes meN_i and meN_kan Part 4

I am glad to know that this is the 1001th post of my blog. As long as I am still around, more posts will appear in this blog.

In this post, I will construct 12 more sentences using the words 'kirim' and 'kurnia' in Part of the post entitled 'Affixes meN_i/meN_kan'. Here it goes.

The word 'kirim' [post (a letter /parcel etc)]
1 Saya mengirimi Ali sepucuk surat kelmarin. [Rule 1]
[I posted a letter to Ali yesterday.]

2 Hassan mengirimkan sebuah buku kepada abangnya tadi.[Rule 2]
[Hassan posted a book to his brother just now.]

3 Johari dikirimi kawannya foto-foto itu. [Rule 3]
[Johari's friend posted the photos to him.]

4 Poskad itu dikirimkan oleh Azmi kepada sahabat penanya. [Rule 4]
[The postcard was posted by Azmi to his pen-pal.]

5 Nazri akan saya kirimi surat ini. [Rule 5]
[I will post this letter to Nazri.]

6 Bungkusan itu akan saya kirimkan kepada Muthu. [Rule 6]
[I will post this parcel to Muthu.]

Now here are the six sentences I have constructed for the word 'kurnia' [endow] and its affixes.
1 Tuhan menguruniai Amimah seorang anak lelaki. [Rule 1]
[Aminah was endowed with a son by God.]

2 Tuhan mengurniakan seorang anak lelaki kepada Siti. [Rule 2]
[Siti was endowed with a son by God.]

3 Asmah dikurniai Tuhan seorang lelaki. [Rule 3.]
[Asmah was endowed with a son by God.]

4 Seorang anak lelaki dikurniakan oleh Tuhan kepada Zaharah. [Rule 4]
[Zaharah was endowed with a son by God.]

5 Johari akan beta kurniai gelaran J.P. [Rule 5]
[I (assuming I am the King) will bestow upon Johari the title J.P.]

6 Gelaran P.J.K. akan saya kurniakan kepada pemimpin itu. [Rule 6]
[I will bestow upon the leader the title of P.J.K.]